Task 2

21. In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the ground's surface__________

22. One form of lightning that is ball lightning. __________

23. Cloud lightning looks like a ribbon when its lighting channel__________

24. Although not fully understanding processes of lightning, man__________

25. Lightening can__________

A. occurs most infrequently

B. is shifted sideways by strong winds

C. strike twice or more in the same spot

D. is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning

E. is estimated at 20 million a year

F. is positively charged

The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins

• A、 sleep only when they are very young
  
  

• B、 cannot afford to sleep very much
  
  

• C、usually dream while awake
  
  

• D、take turns to sleep
  
  

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，清根據短文內容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

Elections

Surprises often come in boxes, such as birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what's inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. It's called a ballot box. What people put into the box on Election Day can change the course of history.

Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means“the people rule”.    26    In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom.    27     On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.

An effective democracy holds regular elections.___28____ In these elections, all seats in the House of Representatives and one third of the Senate seats are up for grabs. In addition, every four years, voters go to the polls to elect the nation's president and vice-president. Voters also regularly cast their ballots for state and city government leaders and local school board members. Sometimes they also have to vote on a proposed law.

In the American electoral system, people don't really vote for presidential candidates.    29   Each state has as many electors as the total number of its representatives in Congress. This equals two senators per state plus the number of its representatives in the House (which is based on the state's population) . The candidate who has the most votes in a state wins all of the state's electors. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain at least 270 of the 538 total electoral votes.

Over the years, the U. S. has made a number of election reforms. Some early reforms outlawed cheating, giving bribes and threatening voters. ___30____

In November, Americans will again elect those who will represent them in government. Although some citizens aren't even registered to vote—and some registered voters don't bother to go to the polls—most Americans exercise their right to vote. They realize that their future is wrapped up in a special package—the ballot box. It's a package that must definitely be“handled with care”.

 

A. In 1971, the voting age was lowered to 18.

B. They felt the government of England didn't represent their interests.

C. Instead, voters cast their ballots for“electors”who support each candidate.

D. In America, elections are held every two years for members of Congress.

E. They also limited the amount of money candidates could receive from donors and spend on their campaigns.

F. That is an important concept in American history.